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As an introduction, the Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) is one of the instruments used in transfer pricing in the world of international taxation. The main objective of the APA instrument is to create transfer price certainty for parties involved in cross-border transactions between related companies. Thus, this can help companies reduce the risk of price adjustments and increase legal certainty…
Introduction to the Krugerrand The Krugerrand is a gold coin that was first introduced to the global market as a practical and tradable gold investment vehicle. Invented in 1967 by the South African Government, this coin was created with the aim of promoting gold mined in the country and making…
Understanding Surcharge Surcharge is a term commonly used in the field of taxation, and can be interpreted as an addition imposed on top of the existing tax rate. The basic concept of Surcharge comes from the government's need to collect more income in order to finance state activities or certain…
Introduction and Definition of the Bertrand Edgeworth Model Bertrand Edgeworth's model is one of the fundamental concepts in industrial economics that was developed at the end of the 19th century. This model was created by two prominent economic theorists, Joseph Bertrand and Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, who worked independently of each…
Definition and History of Chaebol Chaebol is a multinational business conglomerate that developed in South Korea. The term comes from the Korean words 'chae', which means rich, and 'bol', which means clan. They emerged as a result of the economic policies implemented by the South Korean government over the past…
Intra-firm trade, also known as internal trade, is the process by which a company conducts economic transactions with its divisions or subsidiaries. These transactions may involve the transfer of goods, services, or knowledge between various entities under the same corporate umbrella. This concept becomes important in the context of globalization…
Frexit is a combination of two words, "France" (France) and "exit" which refers to the idea of France leaving the European Union. This term was born from global political and economic trends developing in several other European countries, such as Brexit in the UK. Frexit was first introduced in public…
In economics, the formal concept of equilibrium plays an important role in understanding how economic…
Definition of "Zero-Sum Game" Zero-sum games are a concept in game theory and economics that…
Definition of Depreciation Adequacy Depreciation adequacy is an important concept in the financial sector related…
Understanding Quote Currency Understanding quote currency is an important concept in the world of trading,…
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